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Shoulder

Scapular Fracture

Scapular fractures are uncommon, accounting for less than 1% of all fractures, because the scapula is well-protected by surrounding muscles. When they do occur, they are typically caused by high-energy trauma and are often associated with other serious injuries including rib fractures, pneumothorax, and vascular injury.

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Typical Recovery Time
3–6 months depending on fracture pattern and associated injuries

Symptoms

  • •Severe posterior shoulder pain after high-energy trauma
  • •Pain with any shoulder movement
  • •Localized swelling and tenderness over the shoulder blade
  • •Inability to raise the arm
  • •Associated signs of rib or chest injury

Common Causes

  • •High-energy motor vehicle accident
  • •Direct high-impact blow to the posterior shoulder
  • •Fall from significant height
  • •Crush injury

Treatment Options

1Non-surgical management with sling for most body and spine fractures
2Surgical fixation for glenoid fractures affecting joint stability or displaced neck fractures
3Evaluation for associated injuries (chest, vascular) is critical
4Physical therapy after sufficient healing (4–6 weeks)
5Early range of motion to prevent stiffness

When to See a Doctor

Scapular fractures are a marker of high-energy trauma — emergency evaluation to rule out associated life-threatening injuries is the first priority.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is a scapular fracture?
A scapular fracture is a break in the shoulder blade. This bone helps connect the arm to the body and supports shoulder movement. These fractures are relatively uncommon.
What causes a scapular fracture?
It is usually caused by high-energy trauma such as car accidents, falls, or contact sports injuries. Significant force is typically required. It may occur along with other injuries.
What are the symptoms?
Symptoms include shoulder pain, swelling, and difficulty moving the arm. Bruising may also be present. Pain is often worse with any shoulder movement.
How is it treated?
Most scapular fractures are treated without surgery using a sling and rest. Physical therapy is used later to restore motion and strength. Surgery is considered for more complex or displaced fractures.
How long does recovery take?
Recovery usually takes several weeks to a few months depending on the injury. Gradual return to activity is important. Full return to sports depends on healing and function.
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