Patellar Instability

Patellar instability occurs when the kneecap does not track normally in its groove. It can cause slipping, pain, or repeated dislocation events.

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Typical Recovery Time

Recovery varies from 6 weeks to several months depending on recurrence.

Symptoms

•Kneecap slipping
•Front knee pain
•Swelling
•Instability
•Pain with stairs

Common Causes

•Shallow groove
•Ligament laxity
•Muscle imbalance
•Prior dislocation
•Trauma

Treatment Options

1Physical therapy

2Bracing

3Hip strengthening

4Activity modification

5Surgery if recurrent

When to See a Doctor

See a doctor if the kneecap dislocates or repeatedly feels unstable.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is patellar instability?

Patellar instability means the kneecap does not track securely in its groove. It may partially shift or fully dislocate. This can cause pain, swelling, and fear that the kneecap will slip out.

What causes patellar instability?

It can be caused by prior patellar dislocation, ligament injury, muscle imbalance, or alignment factors. Some people have a shallow groove or increased looseness around the kneecap. Sports with cutting and jumping can bring out symptoms.

What are the symptoms?

Symptoms include a slipping sensation, pain around the kneecap, swelling, and difficulty trusting the knee. The kneecap may feel unstable with stairs, squats, or sports. Some people have repeated dislocations.

How is patellar instability treated?

Treatment often starts with physical therapy to strengthen the quadriceps, hips, and core. Bracing may help during activity. Surgery may be considered if instability continues or dislocations repeat.

Can I return to sports with patellar instability?

Many athletes return with good rehab and stability training. Return should be based on strength, control, and confidence with sport-specific movements. Recurrent slipping should be evaluated before full return.