Patellar Dislocation

A patellar dislocation occurs when the kneecap (patella) slips out of its normal position in the groove at the end of the thigh bone. It is most common in young female athletes.

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Typical Recovery Time

4-6 weeks for first dislocation

Symptoms

•Visible deformity of the knee
•Severe pain
•Swelling
•Inability to straighten the knee
•Feeling of the knee giving way

Common Causes

•Direct blow to the knee
•Sudden twisting with foot planted
•Anatomical factors such as shallow trochlear groove
•Ligament laxity

Treatment Options

1Reduction (relocating the kneecap)

2Immobilization

3Ice and elevation

4Physical therapy

5Surgery for recurrent dislocations

When to See a Doctor

Immediately — patellar dislocation requires prompt medical evaluation.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is a patellar dislocation?

A patellar dislocation occurs when the kneecap moves out of its normal groove, usually toward the outside of the knee. It can happen suddenly during sports or twisting movements. The injury often causes pain, swelling, and a feeling that the kneecap shifted out of place.

What causes a patellar dislocation?

It is commonly caused by twisting, cutting, landing awkwardly, or direct impact to the knee. Some people have anatomy that makes the kneecap more likely to dislocate. Prior dislocations increase the risk of recurrence.

What are the symptoms?

Symptoms include sudden knee pain, swelling, and visible shifting of the kneecap. The knee may feel unstable or hard to move. Some people feel or hear a pop at the time of injury.

How is a patellar dislocation treated?

Treatment usually includes reducing the kneecap back into place, then bracing and physical therapy. Rehab focuses on swelling control, motion, hip strength, and quadriceps control. Surgery may be considered for loose cartilage fragments or repeated dislocations.

When can I return to sports?

Return depends on swelling, strength, motion, and kneecap stability. Many first-time dislocations take several weeks to months to recover. Cutting and jumping sports should wait until the knee is strong and stable.