Glenohumeral Osteoarthritis

Glenohumeral osteoarthritis is degenerative joint disease of the main ball-and-socket shoulder joint, involving loss of articular cartilage on the humeral head and glenoid. It is less common than hip or knee arthritis but is increasingly recognized in aging and formerly active populations.

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Typical Recovery Time

Ongoing management; joint replacement recovery is 6–12 months

Symptoms

•Deep aching shoulder pain worsened by activity
•Morning stiffness lasting more than 30 minutes
•Grinding or crepitus with shoulder movement
•Progressive loss of range of motion
•Night pain disrupting sleep

Common Causes

•Age-related cartilage wear
•Prior shoulder injury or surgery
•Avascular necrosis of the humeral head
•Inflammatory arthritis (rheumatoid)
•Instability arthropathy from recurrent dislocations

Treatment Options

1Activity modification and low-impact exercise

2Anti-inflammatory medications

3Physical therapy for motion and periscapular strength

4Intra-articular corticosteroid or hyaluronic acid injection

5Total shoulder arthroplasty for advanced cases

When to See a Doctor

Seek evaluation if shoulder pain and stiffness are interfering with sleep or daily activities — X-rays are the first step in diagnosis.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is shoulder osteoarthritis?

Glenohumeral osteoarthritis is wear and tear of the main shoulder joint. Over time, the cartilage breaks down, leading to pain and stiffness. It can affect daily activities and sports.

What causes shoulder osteoarthritis?

It is often caused by aging, previous injuries, or long-term joint stress. Prior dislocations or fractures can increase the risk. Some people develop it without a clear cause.

What are the symptoms?

Symptoms include deep shoulder pain, stiffness, and reduced range of motion. Pain may worsen with activity and improve with rest. Over time, movement becomes more limited.

How is it treated?

Treatment focuses on managing pain and improving function with therapy and medications. Injections may provide temporary relief. Surgery is considered in advanced cases when other treatments fail.

Can I stay active?

Yes, many people remain active with modified activities. Low-impact exercises are often recommended. Staying active can help maintain strength and joint function.