External fixation stabilizes fractures or corrects deformities using pins inserted into bone connected to an external frame outside the body, providing temporary or definitive stabilization.
Used for complex open fractures, highly comminuted fractures, fractures with severe soft tissue injury, limb deformity correction, and as a temporary measure before definitive internal fixation.
Performed under general or regional anesthesia. Pins or wires are inserted into bone above and below the injury and connected to an external frame. The frame may be adjusted over time for deformity correction. Pin care is required throughout treatment.
Risks include pin tract infection, pin loosening, nerve or vessel injury, malunion, and skin irritation around pin sites.
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