Clavicle Fracture

A clavicle (collarbone) fracture is one of the most common fractures in sports, accounting for up to 10% of all fractures. The middle third of the clavicle is most commonly affected. Treatment has evolved — many displaced fractures in active patients are now treated surgically for faster return to function.

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Typical Recovery Time

3–4 months with surgery; 4–6 months non-surgically

Symptoms

•Immediate pain at the collarbone after trauma
•Visible deformity or bump over the clavicle
•Shoulder drooping or inability to raise the arm
•Tenderness along the clavicle
•Skin tenting over a displaced fracture (surgical urgency if tenting is severe)

Common Causes

•Direct blow to the shoulder (fall, collision, tackle)
•Fall on outstretched hand
•High-speed impact (cycling, skiing, contact sports)
•Birth trauma (neonatal clavicle fracture)

Treatment Options

1Sling immobilization for 4–6 weeks (non-displaced)

2Open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) with plate and screws for displaced fractures

3Physical therapy starting with pendulum exercises, progressing to full strengthening

4Return to contact sport in 3–4 months after surgical fixation

5Bone stimulator for delayed union

When to See a Doctor

Seek emergency care after any collarbone injury — X-rays confirm the fracture pattern and determine if surgery is needed.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is a clavicle fracture?

A clavicle fracture is a break in the collarbone, which connects the shoulder to the chest. It is a common injury, especially in athletes. The break can occur in different parts of the bone.

What causes a clavicle fracture?

It is usually caused by a fall onto the shoulder or a direct impact. Sports like cycling, football, and skiing increase the risk. It can also occur from a fall onto an outstretched arm.

What are the symptoms?

Symptoms include pain, swelling, and bruising over the collarbone. Many people notice difficulty moving the arm. In some cases, a visible deformity may be present.

Do I need surgery?

Most clavicle fractures heal without surgery using a sling and rest. Surgery may be recommended for significantly displaced fractures. The decision depends on alignment and activity level.

How long does recovery take?

Healing typically takes 6 to 12 weeks. Return to sports depends on bone healing and strength. Athletes usually return once the fracture has healed and movement is pain-free.

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